Gastroenterology

🩺 Gastroenterology – Advanced Digestive Care Under One Roof

At Primax Gastro Institute & Superspeciality Hospital, our Gastroenterology Department is the cornerstone of our institution—established to offer expert care for a wide range of digestive system disorders. Backed by experienced gastroenterologists and state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, we provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment for conditions affecting the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts.

From routine endoscopic procedures to complex liver disease management, our approach is focused on early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and long-term digestive health. Whether you’re dealing with chronic acidity, IBS, hepatitis, or gastrointestinal bleeding, Primax ensures accurate care delivered with compassion.

With 24×7 support, advanced endoscopy suites, and a multi-disciplinary care model, our gastro department stands at the forefront of modern digestive care in Haryana.

Conditions

Fatty Liver Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Fatty Liver Disease is one of the most common liver disorders today, affecting millions worldwide. It occurs when excess fat accumulates in liver cells, potentially leading to inflammation, scarring, and liver dysfunction. While it is often a silent condition in its early stages, untreated fatty liver disease can progress to severe complications, including cirrhosis and liver failure.

Types of Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease is classified into two main types:

1.⁠⁠Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

NAFLD is the most common cause of fatty liver and is linked to obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. It has two stages:

Simple Fatty Liver (NAFLD): Fat accumulation without significant inflammation.
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Fat accumulation with inflammation, which can lead to fibrosis (scarring) and cirrhosis.

2.⁠⁠Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD)

AFLD is caused by excessive alcohol consumption, leading to fat buildup, inflammation, and potential liver damage. Continued alcohol use can result in alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure.

Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease

In the early stages, fatty liver disease often has no symptoms and is usually detected during routine health checkups. However, as the condition progresses, patients may experience:

Fatigue and weakness
Mild discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen
Unexplained weight loss
Jaundice (in advanced cases)
Swelling in the legs or abdomen (if cirrhosis develops)

Risk Factors for Fatty Liver Disease

Obesity & Sedentary Lifestyle: Excess fat storage in the liver.
Diabetes & Insulin Resistance: Increased fat metabolism issues.
High Cholesterol & Triglycerides: Promotes fat buildup in liver cells.
Unhealthy Diet: Processed foods, sugary drinks, and high-fat diets increase risk.
Excess Alcohol Intake: Directly damages liver cells and impairs fat metabolism.

Diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease

Early diagnosis is key to preventing complications. At [Your Hospital Name], we use:

Liver Function Tests (LFTs): To check for liver enzyme abnormalities.
Ultrasound &FibroScan: To assess liver fat and fibrosis levels.
Blood Tests (Lipid Profile, HbA1c, Insulin Resistance Markers): To evaluate metabolic health.
Liver Biopsy (in Select Cases): To confirm inflammation and scarring.

Treatment & Management of Fatty Liver Disease

There is no specific medication for fatty liver disease, but lifestyle modifications can significantly reverse early-stage fatty liver and prevent progression.

1.⁠⁠Lifestyle Changes

Weight Loss: Losing 5–10% of body weight can reduce liver fat.
Healthy Diet: A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Avoid Processed Foods & Sugar: Reduces fat accumulation in the liver.
Regular Exercise: At least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week (brisk walking, cycling, or swimming).

2.⁠⁠Medical Management

Control Diabetes & Cholesterol: Medications like metformin or statins may be prescribed.
Antioxidants & Supplements: Vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, and certain liver-protective supplements may help in some cases.
Avoid Alcohol & Certain Medications: Reduces additional liver stress.

3.⁠⁠Regular Monitoring & Follow-up

Since fatty liver disease can be progressive, regular check-ups with a gastroenterologist are crucial. At Primax Gastro Institute we offer:

Advanced liver imaging (FibroScan) for accurate staging.
Personalized diet & lifestyle counseling to prevent disease progression.
Multidisciplinary care involving hepatologists, nutritionists, and fitness experts.

Why Choose Primax Gastro Institute for Fatty Liver Treatment?

At Primax Gastro Institute, we provide comprehensive and specialized care for fatty liver disease, focusing on early detection, prevention, and advanced treatment options. Our team of expert gastroenterologists and liver specialists ensures that every patient receives personalized, evidence-based care tailored to their condition.

If you or a loved one are concerned about fatty liver disease, schedule a consultation with us today at Primax Gastro Institute & Super Speciality Hospital [9666460009] to take the first step toward a healthier liver and a better life.

Heartburn: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Heartburn is a common digestive symptom characterized by a burning sensation in the chest, often accompanied by acid reflux. It occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus (food pipe), irritating its lining. While occasional heartburn is normal, frequent or severe heartburn may indicate an underlying condition like Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), requiring medical attention.

What Causes Heartburn?

Heartburn occurs due to weakening or dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—the muscle that prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. Common triggers include:

Spicy, fatty, or fried foods
Caffeine, chocolate, and carbonated beverages
Excessive alcohol consumption
Large meals or lying down soon after eating
Obesity and excess abdominal pressure
Smoking (weakens the LES)
Pregnancy (hormonal changes and pressure on the stomach)
Certain medications (NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers, etc.)

Symptoms of Heartburn

Burning sensation in the chest (typically after eating, worse at night)
Sour or bitter taste in the mouth (acid regurgitation)
Difficulty swallowing (in severe cases)
Chronic cough, sore throat, or hoarseness (from acid irritation)
Discomfort worsens when lying down or bending over

If heartburn occurs frequently (more than twice a week) or is associated with chronic cough, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, it may indicate GERD and requires medical evaluation.

Complications of Untreated Heartburn

Chronic acid reflux can lead to:

Esophagitis – Inflammation of the esophagus
Esophageal Strictures – Narrowing of the esophagus due to scarring
Barrett’s Esophagus – A precancerous condition caused by long-term acid exposure
Esophageal Cancer – In rare, advanced cases

Diagnosis of Heartburn and Acid Reflux

At Primax Gastro institute, we use advanced diagnostic tools to assess acid reflux severity:

Endoscopy (Upper GI Endoscopy) – To check for esophageal damage.
pH Monitoring – Measures acid reflux episodes over 24 hours.
Esophageal Manometry – Evaluates esophageal muscle function.

Treatment & Management of Heartburn

1.⁠⁠Lifestyle & Dietary Modifications

Eat smaller meals and avoid eating 2–3 hours before bedtime.
Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fried, acidic, and carbonated drinks).
Lose weight if overweight to reduce abdominal pressure.
Quit smoking & limit alcohol consumption.
Sleep with head elevated (use a wedge pillow or raise the bed).

2.⁠⁠Medications for Heartburn

Antacids (e.g., calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide) Provides quick relief.
H2-receptor blockers (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine) – Reduces acid production.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) (e.g., omeprazole, pantoprazole) – More effective for frequent or severe reflux.
Prokinetic agents (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide) – Improve stomach emptying in certain cases.

3.⁠⁠Advanced Treatment for Chronic Reflux

For severe or treatment-resistant GERD, advanced endoscopic and surgical options are available at Primax Gastro institute:

Fundoplication Surgery – Strengthens the LES to prevent reflux.
Endoscopic Procedures – Newer techniques like transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), ARMS

Why Choose Primax Gastro institutefor Heartburn Treatment?

At Primax Gastro institute, we provide a comprehensive and personalized approach to treating heartburn and acid reflux. Our expert gastroenterologists use cutting-edge diagnostic techniques and minimally invasive treatments to ensure lasting relief and prevent complications.

If you experience frequent or severe heartburn, consult our specialists at Primax Gastro Institute & Super Speciality Hospital [9666460009]to take the first step toward long-term relief and digestive health.

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Constipation is a common digestive issue affecting people of all ages. It is characterized by infrequent, difficult, or painful bowel movements, often accompanied by bloating and discomfort. While occasional constipation is normal, chronic constipation can significantly impact quality of life and may indicate an underlying medical condition requiring evaluation.

What Causes Constipation?

Constipation occurs when stool moves too slowly through the digestive tract, leading to hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass. Common causes include:

Lifestyle & Dietary Factors:

Low Fiber Intake – Lack of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in the diet.
Inadequate Hydration – Not drinking enough water leads to dry, hard stools.
Lack of Physical Activity – Sedentary lifestyle slows bowel movements.
Ignoring the Urge to Pass Stool – Delaying bowel movements can lead to harder stools.

Medical Conditions:

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C) – Functional disorder with constipation as a primary symptom.
Hypothyroidism – Low thyroid hormone slows digestion.
Diabetes – Can affect nerve function in the intestines.
Neurological Disorders – Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injuries can impair bowel function.

Medications That Cause Constipation:

Painkillers (Opioids) – Codeine, morphine, and similar drugs slow bowel motility.
Antacids Containing Calcium or Aluminum – Can harden stools.
Iron Supplements – Often cause constipation as a side effect.
Antidepressants & Certain Blood Pressure Medications – Can affect bowel function.

Symptoms of Constipation

Fewer than three bowel movements per week
Hard, dry, or lumpy stools
Straining or difficulty passing stools
Feeling of incomplete evacuation
Abdominal discomfort, bloating, or gas

If constipation persists for several weeks, or is accompanied by rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or severe abdominal pain, medical evaluation is necessary.

Diagnosis of Constipation

At Primax Gastro institute, we use advanced diagnostic techniques to identify the underlying cause of chronic constipation, including:

Colonoscopy – To rule out structural problems or colorectal cancer.
Anorectal Manometry – Evaluates muscle function in the rectum.
Bowel Transit Studies – Determines how fast food moves through the digestive system.

Treatment & Management of Constipation

1.⁠⁠Dietary & Lifestyle Modifications

Increase Fiber Intake – Aim for 25-35 grams per day from sources like fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.
Drink Plenty of Water – At least 8 glasses a day to keep stools soft.
Regular Exercise – Walking, yoga, or stretching stimulates bowel movements.
Establish a Routine – Train your body to have regular bowel movements, preferably after meals.

2.⁠⁠Medications for Constipation

Bulk-Forming Laxatives (e.g., psyllium, methylcellulose) – Increase stool bulk and soften it.
Osmotic Laxatives (e.g., polyethylene glycol, lactulose) – Draw water into the intestines to ease stool passage.
Stimulant Laxatives (e.g., bisacodyl, senna) – Used for short-term relief but should not be overused.
Stool Softeners (e.g., docusate sodium) – Help ease stool passage.

3.⁠⁠Advanced Treatment for Chronic Constipation

For severe or treatment-resistant constipation, our hospital offers specialized therapies:

Biofeedback Therapy – Helps retrain pelvic muscles for proper bowel movements.
Sacral Nerve Stimulation – Stimulates nerves to improve bowel function.
Surgical Interventions (if needed) – For cases of colonic inertia or obstructive defecation syndrome.

Why Choose Primax Gastro institute for Constipation Treatment?

At Primax Gastro institute, we provide comprehensive, evidence-based treatments for chronic constipation, ensuring personalized care tailored to each patient’s condition. Our team of expert gastroenterologists, dietitians, and physiotherapists work together to provide effective long-term relief.

If you’re struggling with persistent constipation, contact Primax Gastro Institute & Super Speciality Hospital [9666460009]to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward better digestive health.

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the colon (large intestine) and rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. UC is a lifelong condition with periods of flare-ups and remission, requiring long-term medical management.

Causes & Risk Factors of Ulcerative Colitis

The exact cause of UC is unknown, but it is believed to result from an abnormal immune response that mistakenly attacks the colon’s lining. Contributing factors include:

Genetics – Family history increases the risk.
Immune System Dysfunction – Autoimmune response triggers inflammation.
Environmental Factors – Diet, infections, and stress may influence flare-ups.

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

Symptoms vary depending on disease severity and extent of colon involvement, but common signs include:

Frequent, bloody diarrhea (sometimes with mucus or pus).
Abdominal pain & cramping (especially in the lower abdomen).
Urgency to pass stool (often with a feeling of incomplete evacuation).
Fatigue & weakness (due to chronic inflammation and blood loss).
Unintended weight loss & loss of appetite.
Fever & joint pain (in severe cases).

If left untreated, UC can lead to serious complications, such as:

Severe bleeding (requiring hospitalization).
Toxic megacolon (life-threatening colon distension).
Colon strictures & perforation.
Increased risk of colorectal cancer (especially in long-standing disease).

Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis

At Primax Gastro institute ,we use advanced diagnostic techniques to confirm UC and assess disease severity:

Colonoscopy with Biopsy – Gold standard test to visualize inflammation and confirm diagnosis.
Blood Tests – Check for anemia, inflammation (CRP, ESR), and nutritional deficiencies.
Stool Tests – To rule out infections and assess inflammation (fecal calprotectin).
Imaging (CT/MRI Enterography) – To evaluate complications and disease extent.

Treatment & Management of Ulcerative Colitis

1.⁠⁠Medications for Ulcerative Colitis

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, controlling symptoms, and maintaining remission:

5-ASA (Aminosalicylates) – First-line treatment for mild to moderate UC (Mesalamine, Sulfasalazine).
Corticosteroids – For short-term use in moderate to severe flare-ups (Prednisolone, Budesonide).
Immunomodulators – For patients unresponsive to 5-ASA (Azathioprine, 6-MP, Methotrexate).
Biologic Therapy – Targeted immune treatments for moderate to severe UC (Infliximab, Adalimumab, Vedolizumab).
JAK Inhibitors – Newer oral medications for refractory UC (Tofacitinib).

2.⁠⁠Dietary & Lifestyle Management

Low-fiber diet during flare-ups to reduce irritation.
Hydration & electrolyte balance (especially during diarrhea episodes).
Probiotics & gut-friendly foods to support intestinal health.
Stress management (yoga, meditation) to prevent flare-ups.

3.⁠⁠Surgery for Severe Cases

If medical therapy fails, or if complications arise, surgery may be necessary:

Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA) – Removal of the colon with a reconstructed internal pouch.
Total Colectomy with Ileostomy – Complete removal of the colon with an external stoma.

Why Choose Primax Gastro institutefor Ulcerative Colitis Treatment?

At Primax Gastro institute, our expert gastroenterologists and IBD specialists provide personalized treatment plans for ulcerative colitis, including:

State-of-the-art endoscopic diagnostics.
Advanced medical therapies (biologics, JAK inhibitors).
Advanced surgical treatment(Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis)

If you are experiencing persistent digestive issues or UC symptoms, schedule a consultation at Primax Gastro Institute & Super Speciality Hospital [9666460009]for expert care and long-term relief.